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Contents
[hide]
* 1 Development history
* 2 Research findings
* 3 Footnotes
* 4 External links
[edit] Development history
Nicosan
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Nicosan ( Hemoxin in US), previously Niprisan or Nix-0699, is a phytochemical (ethanol/water extract of Piper guineenses seeds, Pterocapus osum stem, Eugenia caryophyllum fruit, and Sorghum bicolor leaves) being tested for the treatment of Sickle-cell disease (SCD). Nicosan (Hemoxin in den USA), früher oder Niprisan Nix-0699, ist eine Landwirtschaft (Ethanol / Wasser-Extrakt aus Piper guineenses Samen, Pterocapus Osum Vorbau, Eugenia caryophyllum Obst, und Sorghum bicolor Blätter) in der Testphase für die Behandlung von Sichel-Zell-Krankheit (SCD).
Contents Inhalt
[hide]
* 1 Development history 1 Entwicklungsgeschichte
* 2 Research findings 2 Forschungsergebnisse
* 3 Footnotes 3 Fußnoten
* 4 External links 4 Externe Links
[ edit ] Development history [Bearbeiten] Entwicklungsgeschichte
It was developed at the Nigerian National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) (US Patent # 5,800,819 - September 1, 1998). Es wurde entwickelt, um die nigerianische Nationale Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung und Entwicklung (NIPRD) (US-Patent # 5800819 - 1. September 1998). NIPRD has already conducted Phase I, Phase IIa and IIb clinical trials and is currently conducting Phase III clinical trials in Nigeria. NIPRD hat bereits die Phase I, Phase IIa und IIb der klinischen Prüfungen und führt derzeit klinische Phase-III-Studien in Nigeria.
In August 2002, Xechem International, a New Jersey company, acquired the exclusive world-wide rights to Niprisan (later re-named Nicosan/Hemoxin). Im August 2002, Xechem International, New Jersey ein Unternehmen, erwirbt die exklusiven weltweiten Rechte an Niprisan (später umbenannt Nicosan / Hemoxin). On July 6, 2006 the drug was officially launched in Nigeria, with the President of Nigeria, Olusegun Obasanjo, personally in attendance. Am 6. Juli 2006 wurde die Droge wurde offiziell in Nigeria, mit dem Präsidenten von Nigeria, Olusegun Obasanjo, persönlich anwesend.
The drug has begun with limited production, although it is expected that production will expand to meet demand. Das Medikament hat begonnen mit begrenzten Produktion, obwohl es wird erwartet, dass die Produktion erweitert wird zur Deckung der Nachfrage.
Xechem International is currently in the process of preparing an Investigational New Drug (IND) Application for Nicosan/Hemoxin for submission to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and applicable EU agencies. Xechem International ist derzeit im Prozess der Vorbereitung einer Investigational New Drug (IND) Applikation für Nicosan / Hemoxin zur Vorlage an die United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) und der geltenden EU-Agenturen. Nicosan/Hemoxin has received orphan drug status in the USA and Europe. Nicosan / Hemoxin erhalten hat Orphan-Drug-Status in den USA und Europa.
[ edit ] Research findings [Bearbeiten] Wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse
A Phase IIb trial of Nicosan was conducted at an army base hospital in Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria between 1996 and 1997. Eine Phase-IIb-Studie von Nicosan wurde auf Basis einer Armee Krankenhaus in Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria zwischen 1996 und 1997. Xechem reports that "73% of the 30 patients who participated in the study experienced no crisis during the 12 month trial period and the remaining 27% experienced less frequent and less severe crises." [1] Xechem berichtet, dass "73% der 30 Patienten, nahmen an der Studie keine Krise erlebte während der 12 Monate Probezeit und die restlichen 27% weniger erfahrenen und weniger häufigen schweren Krisen." [1]
Main results Wichtigste Ergebnisse
Reports of two trials were found, of which only one, including 82 participants, was eligible for inclusion in this review. Berichte von zwei Studien wurden gefunden, von denen nur ein, darunter 82 Teilnehmer, war für eine Aufnahme in diese Überprüfung. This Phase IIB (pivotal) trial suggests that a phytomedicine, Nicosan, was effective in reducing episodes of SCD crisis associated with severe pain over a six-month period. Diese Phase IIB (Dreh-) Studie deutet darauf hin, dass ein Phytomedizin, Nicosan, war wirksam bei der Verringerung der Episoden der SCD-Krise im Zusammenhang mit starken Schmerzen über einen Zeitraum von sechs Monaten. Nicosan did not appear to affect the risk of severe complications or the level of anaemia. Nicosan nicht erscheinen sie sich auf das Risiko von schweren Komplikationen oder den Grad der Anämie. No serious adverse effects were reported. Nr. schwerwiegende unerwünschte Wirkungen berichtet wurden.
Authors' conclusions Authors' Schlussfolgerungen
While Nicosan, as a phytomedicine, appeared to be safe and effective in reducing crises associated with severe pain over a six-month follow-up period of this trial, further trials are required to assess its role in the management of people with sickle cell disease. Während Nicosan, als Phytomedizin, erwies sich als sicher und wirksam bei der Verringerung der Krisen im Zusammenhang mit starken Schmerzen während eines sechsmonatigen Follow-up Periode von dieser Studie, weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um eine Bewertung ihrer Rolle bei der Verwaltung von Menschen mit Sichel Zell-Krankheit Werden. The results of Phase III, multicentre trials are awaited. http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab004448.html Die Ergebnisse der Phase-III-, multizentrischen Studien werden erwartet. Http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab004448.html
The established drug hydroxyurea acts in SCD as an antisickling agent, however not all patients respond to this drug and some experience adverse effects, including myelosuppression. Die etablierten Medikament Hydroxyharnstoff Handlungen in SCD als antisickling Agenten, jedoch nicht alle Patienten reagieren auf dieses Medikament und einige Erfahrung nachteiligen Auswirkungen, einschließlich der Myelosuppression. Nicosan with possibly less adverse effects also appears to work through "a strong antisickling effect" . [2] Nicosan mit möglicherweise weniger unerwünschte Wirkungen scheint auch, dass Arbeit durch "eine starke antisickling-Effekt". [2]
[ edit ] Footnotes [Bearbeiten] Fußnoten
1. ^ Xechem International - Annual Report (December 31 2005). ^ Xechem International - Jahresbericht (31. Dezember 2005). Retrieved on 2006 - 07-21 . Texte in 2006 - 07-21. - submission to US Securities and Exchange Commission -- Vorlage an US Securities and Exchange Commission
2. ^ Iyamu E, Turner E, Asakura T (2002). ^ Iyamu E, Turner E, Asakura T (2002). " In vitro effects of NIPRISAN (Nix-0699): a naturally occurring, potent antisickling agent.". Br J Haematol 118 (1): 337–43. doi : 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03593.x . PMID 12100171 . "In-vitro-Wirkung von NIPRISAN (Nix-0699): ein natürlich vorkommendes, potenten antisickling Agent".. Br J Haematol 118 (1): 337-43. Doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03593.x.
It was developed at the Nigerian National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) (U.S. Patent # 5,800,819 - September 1, 1998). NIPRD has already conducted Phase I, Phase IIa and IIb clinical trials and is currently conducting Phase III clinical trials in Nigeria.
In August 2002, Xechem International, a New Jersey company, acquired the exclusive world-wide rights to Niprisan (later re-named Nicosan/Hemoxin). On July 6, 2006 the drug was officially launched in Nigeria, with the President of Nigeria, Olusegun Obasanjo, personally in attendance.
The drug has begun with limited production, although it is expected that production will expand to meet demand.
Xechem International is currently in the process of preparing an Investigational New Drug (IND) Application for Nicosan/Hemoxin for submission to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and applicable EU agencies. Nicosan/Hemoxin has received orphan drug status in the USA and Europe.
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sieht ja nicht schlecht aus vieleicht kann man ja seine alten verluste wieder weg machen wenn es weiter so hoch geht (mein ziel wieder 0,02 )Träumen kann man doch
Xechem International Announces Conference Call to Address Information Update
Last update: 4:38 p.m. EDT July 3, 2008
EDISON, NJ, Jul 03, 2008 (MARKET WIRE via COMTEX) -- Xechem International (PINKSHEETS: XKEM) today announced today that it will be holding a conference call to update shareholders and other interested persons on its business operations and financial status.
0,0042 USD
+0,00 | +121,05%
1 Woche +533,33% 52W Hoch 19.09.2007 0,06
1 Monat +137,50% 52W Tief 24.06.2008 0,0002
1 Jahr n.a. Jahreshoch 05.03.2008 0,025
laufendes Jahr -24,00% Jahrestief 24.06.2008 0,0002
20:28:25 0,0041 3.500 90.599.291
20:28:25 0,0043 3.500 90.595.791
20:27:31 0,0042 14.000 90.592.291
20:26:29 0,0043 20.000 90.578.291
20:13:21 0,0042 50.000 90.558.291
20:12:36 0,0042 45.000 90.508.291
20:12:24 0,0043 500.000 90.463.291
20:12:21 0,0042 550.000 89.963.291
20:12:14 0,0042 50.000 89.413.291
20:11:39 0,0042 5.000 89.363.291
20:10:52 0,0042 215.490 89.358.291
20:10:28 0,004 697.800 89.142.801
20:10:27 0,004 122.200 88.445.001
20:08:19 0,0043 5.000 88.322.801
20:08:19 0,0041 5.000 88.317.801
20:07:20 0,0041 50.000 88.312.801
20:06:18 0,004 10.000 88.262.801
20:05:40 0,004 113.900 88.252.801
20:05:39 0,004 186.100 88.138.901
20:05:31 0,004 150.000 87.952.801
20:05:01 0,004 81.300 87.802.801
20:05:00 0,004 118.700 87.721.501
20:04:42 0,004 350.000 87.602.801
20:04:41 0,004 85.000 87.252.801
20:04:40 0,004 65.000 87.167.801
20:04:40 0,0039 65.000 87.102.80
historische kurse
Datum Eröffnung Hoch Tief Schluss Umsatz (in Stück) Umsatz (in USD) Preisfeststellungen
01.07.2008 0,0014 0,002 0,0002 0,0003 586.521.775 312.009,00 853
30.05.2008 0,002 0,0022 0,0011 0,0014 144.746.901 234.573,00 454
01.05.2008 0,0025 0,0029 0,0018 0,0021 138.407.236 316.434,00 455
01.04.2008 0,003 0,025 0,0022 0,0027 80.660.025 218.417,00 438
29.02.2008 0,003 0,0042 0,0026 0,003 80.790.711 253.294,00 450
01.02.2008 0,0027 0,006 0,0023 0,0031 178.569.356 536.129,00 965
31.12.2007 0,0055 0,006 0,0021 0,0025 226.216.182 745.689,00 1.434
30.11.2007 0,004 0,008 0,0018 0,0055 346.783.459 1.328.080,00 2.045
01.11.2007 0,006 0,007 0,004 0,004 136.564.241 712.413,00 1.069
01.10.2007 0,006 0,06 0,0045 0,0065 60.639.645 321.076,00 473
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Xechem International Announces Conference Call to Address
Information Update
Last update: 4:38 p.m. EDT July 3, 2008
http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/...-4724305EEF2A%7D&dist=msr_13
International Operational Update EDISON, NJ, Jun 04, 2008 -- Xechem International (PINKSHEETS: XKEM) today announced the following information regarding its operations, financial status and associated matters. http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release.do?id=864723 Building Progress since Sept. Pictures Compare these two pictures of the main building to what is below from the September photos THE MAIN BUILDING IS ABOUT 225 feet by 55 feet LIKE I SAID BEFORE HUGE New DD The Orphan Drug Video: New Link ...tku trans http://current.com/items/88850284_the_orphan_drug The Latest in Sickle Cell Treatment ....tku Dick_Nixon http://www.wave3.com/Global/story.asp?S=7433822&nav=menu3 DD found by Fox Direct Link to the Book of Abstracts: http://www.uneca.org/sciencewithafrica/content/..._of_abstacts-en.pdf Caption (page 30): Evaluation of Niprisan (Herbal Medicine) for the Management of Sickle Cell Anaemia Charles Wambebe and Hadiza Khamofu, International Biomedical Research in Africa, Abuja, Nigeria, wambebe@yahoo.com, Joseph Okogun, Nathan Nasipuri and Karynius Gamaniel, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria. About 70% of all sickle cell anemia (SCA) subjects reside in Africa, estimated at over 12 million. The prevalence of SCA is estimated at over 2% while infant mortality is about 8% and survival rate of SCA babies in rural areas by five years of age is about 20%. These statistics indicate that SCA is probably the most neglected (and sometimes forgotten by health authorities) serious public health disorder with serious mortality and morbidity rates inAfrica. The objective was to undertake pre-clinical and clinical assessments of a herbal extract vis-à-vis management of sickle cell anemia using Good Laboratory Practice and Good Clinical Practice principles respectively. In Africa, there is no standard treatment for sicklecell anemia, only palliative management is generally available. In view of this situation, most SCA subjects use herbal medicines. NIPRISAN is a standardized extract from fourmedicinal/food plants: Piper guineenses seeds, Pterocarpus osun stem, Eugenia caryophyllumfruit and Sorghum bicolor leaves. Short term toxicity study indicated that NIPRISAN was safe in laboratory animals. Bio-activity guided fractionation show that vanillin and aromatic aldehydes may be the bioactive moieties. NIPRISAN reversed sickled red blood cells and protected them from being sickled when exposed to low oxygen tension. NIPRISAN dose-dependently delayed polymer formation of haemoglobin S. NIPRISAN induced 85% increased solubility of deoxy haemoglobin S. The in vivo efficacy study was undertaken atChildren Hospital of Philadelphia, USA. Histological examination of lungs of control Tg transgenic mice carrying human sickle haemoglobin showed entrapment of massive numbers of sickled cells in alveolar capillaries. NIPRISAN significantly cleared the lungs of sickled cells. Furthermore, NIPRISAN induced profound effect on the survival time of Tg mice under hypoxic conditions (p Nicosan NICOSAN™ is a non-toxic, Phyto-pharmaceutical, product for the treatment of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). NicosanTM is obtained from the mixture of four Nigerian plant materials e.g. Piper guineese (Seeds), Pterocarpus Osun (Stems), Eugenia caryophyllum (Fruits), Sorghum bicolor (Leaves), in a standard ratio which produce a hygroscopic, reddish-brown powder with a pungent odour. In July, 2002, Xechem acquired exclusive worldwide license from the Ministry of Health, Federal Government of Nigeria to develop and market NICOSAN™ (HEMOXIN™ in the US). NICOSAN™ (HEMOXIN™) was shown to be a safe and efficacious medicine for the management of patients with Sickle Cell Disease. As published in the May 2003 issue of the British Journal of Hematology, Dr.Toshio Asakura and colleagues from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), USA and the University of Pennsylvania demonstrated the anti-sickling effects of NICOSAN™ (HEMOXIN™) in transgenic mice. The quality and standardization of the medicine has been tested and proved by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and bioassay. NICOSAN™ Characteristics A 100 % Nigerian indigenous Product. Product available in Capsules, pleasant tasting with no known side effects. Dose determined and Clinical Trials conducted. The pricing strategy will favor the poor and underprivileged. BENEFITS OF NICOSAN™ 1. It is used for prophylactic management of sickle cell disease (SCD). 2. It has potent anti sickling effect on sickled erythrocytes, obtained from patients with SCD and on transgenic mice that produced human sickle hemoglobin, thus useful in preventing painful crisis experienced by SCD patients. 3. It reduces hypoxic stress experienced by SCD patients (due to trapping of sickle cell in lungs), drastically. 4. It removes the incidence of blood transfusion in SCD PATIENTS. 5. It prevents clinical sequel (i.e. painful crisis). 6. It prevents ocular damage PRESENTATION NicosanTM comes in two different strengths: 250mg (Children Dose) 350mg (Adults Dose) It is presented as 30 capsules, packaged in 60ml, HDPE bottles DOSAGE Adult Dose: One (1) capsule (350mg) daily at meal time with water. Child Dose: One (1) capsule (250mg) daily at meal time with water. SIDE EFFECTS Rare: Mild non- itching muscular rash Mild headache. TOXICITY - Non Toxic - Higher doses of 2000mg 5000mg/kg LD50 (A lethal Dose at which 50% of the population of experimental mice were expected to die), there was no death recorded. - No kidney or liver damage was observed both in human volunteers and in experimental animals during and after the clinical trials, the drug is safe in humans at the recommended dose. CONTRAINDICATION There is no known contra-indication in both mice and human to all the active ingredients. The potash used for extraction and the binding agent (Lactose) are safe for human consumption. No health hazard was observed, when administered in the proper dosage form. INTERACTION It can be safely combined, with other drugs, even the cytotoxic drugs like Indinavir, Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Vevirapine used in the management of HIV/AIDS. Paracetamol was found to increase the invivo concentration of NicosanTM care must be taken, when they are co administered. TERATOGENECITY There is no known teratogenic effect produced by NicosanTM, even some pregnant women who opted (against clinician's advice) to continue taking NicosanTM had normal babies. STORAGE CONDITION To be stored in a dry clean place storage temperature is 25oc. Protect from moisture and humidity. CONCLUSION NICOSANTM is an effective and safe drug of choice for the management of sickle cell disease (SCD). WARNING Keep out of reach of the children don't exceed the stated dose. Xechem & Nigeria Employment There will be direct employment of 100 – 300 workers and scientists. Besides this, indirect employment to thousand or more people is expected. Agricultural Our ingredients are local agricultural produce. Specially, the plant parts used are not used for food or animal fodder. Tons of such materials will be cultivated and thousands of acres will be utilized for cultivation. Economic Large number of equipment is being constructed locally. Rotary extract, Grinders, Mixers, etc have been purchased from local manufacturers. Farmers for cultivation, foreign exchange for the country on export of product. Academic Through the collaborations with the universities like Howard University (Washington D.C.), Rutgers University (New Jersey) and Fort Valley State University (Georgia), etc and equipment like NMR, HPLC, etc and a class one laboratory available, we will provide the scientists/students clean environment to work and reduce time considerably. This will reverse the process of scientists going abroad and not returning. Environment Xechem project is environment friendly. We already have the largest Chinese grass lawn in Abuja and one of the largest planters of yellow and red bush. Our by-products are non-hazardous and eco-friendly. -------------------------------------------------- More About NICOSAN(TM)(older version): In July, 2002, Xechem acquired an exclusive, worldwide license to develop NICOSAN™ (HEMOXIN™ in the US) from the Nigerian government and, subsequently, received U.S. orphan drug status for HEMOXIN™ from the FDA in August, 2003. The product is made from four botanical species indigenous to Nigeria. NICOSAN™ is produced there today by Xechem. The Company expects to launch NICOSAN™ in Nigeria’s 4,000,000 SCD patient market, the world’s largest SCD market. SCD, a devastating hereditary blood disorder characterized by acute painful crisis, organ damage, anemia and early death, affects over 80,000 African Americans in the U.S. alone. Based on published data and human experience, the Company believes the successful clinical development of HEMOXIN™ represents an unusually low risk. In phase II human studies in Nigeria, published in Phytomedecine, HEMOXIN™ was shown to be safe in all patients and effective in approximately 80% of patients. As published in the May 2003 issue of the British Journal of Hematology, Asakura and colleagues from Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and the University of Pennsylvania demonstrated the anti-sickling effects of HEMOXIN™ in transgenic mice. This lends significant credibility to the Nigerian human experience to initiate clinical trials in the U.S. Xechem is also working on another sickle cell compound, 5-HMF, which it has licensed from Virginia Commonwealth University. NICOSAN(TM) is an anti-sickling, phyto-pharmaceutical (Natural Herbal Drug) for the prophylactic management of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). It was developed by Nigerian scientists at the National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD). In clinical studies conducted under NIPRD's auspices, the drug has shown to substantially reduce the degree of sickling of the red blood cells of those afflicted with the disease. While not a cure, the clinical trials have confirmed that the large majority of patients taking NICOSAN(TM) no longer experience sickle cell "crises" while on the medication, and even among those whose crises are not eliminated, the number and severity of the crises are substantially reduced. Preliminary studies carried out at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Sickle Cell Disease Reference Laboratory (NHLBI-SCDRL), NIH, at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Xechem Research Laboratory in New Brunswick, NJ have confirmed some of the Nigerian studies. About 5-HMF: Research led by Donald Abraham, Ph.D., professor of medicinal chemistry, VCU School of Pharmacy, has shown that 5-HMF, a pure compound with very little, if any, toxicity, has a high affinity for sickle cell hemoglobin and may be effective in the treatment of SCD. "Our findings suggest that this anti-sickling agent may lead to new drug treatments and may one day help those suffering with SCD. This molecule, 5-HMF, is the most promising molecule to treat sickle cell anemia to come from our research group in more than 30 years," Abraham said. With the addition of 5-HMF, Xechem has now been able to expand its potent arsenal for treating Sickle Cell Disease beyond its Natural Herbal Drug, NICOSAN(TM), which was approved on July 3rd, 2006, by Nigeria's National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and is currently being sold in Nigeria on a limited basis. According to Xechem's Chairman and CEO, Dr. Ramesh C. Pandey, "With all of the excitement over the recent commercial launch in Nigeria of NICOSAN(TM), our all Natural Herbal Drug, there has been less attention focused on our other SCD product, 5-HMF, which also represents an extremely promising potential treatment for patients suffering with this terrible disease. As a pure compound, 5-HMF is the perfect complement to our herbal product and together with NICOSAN(TM) places us in a unique position of providing much needed efficacious treatment for this painful and debilitating condition. As the exclusive licensee for this product, we are very pleased to have the protections that a patent allowance affords to VCU and to us." Xechem Nigeria: Xechem Pharmaceuticals Nigeria Limited (Xechem Nigeria) started operation at the National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) in July 2002 after signing an agreement between NIPRD and XECHEM for research, development, production and worldwide sales and marketing of NIPRISAN, the Sickle Cell Disease treatment product, developed by NIPRD scientists. Xechem Nigeria moved to its present location at the Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO) in January 2005. The first phase of the company’s activities is research, development and production of herbal based drugs for the treatment of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). This will be followed by exploring the biodiversity of Nigeria and other African Countries for anti malarial, anticancer, antiviral (including AIDS), antifungal and antibacterial products from natural sources in Nigeria and worldwide. Xechem Nigeria is currently working to equip the laboratories and complete the construction of its state of-the-art pharmaceutical manufacturing facility. Certain laboratory and other equipment necessary for the production of NICOSAN™ have been acquired or are in the process of fabrication and Xechem expects that the plant will be ready for full-scale production by 2007. Approximately $5 million has already been invested by Xechem in the Nigerian project to date in the form of inter-company loans. Upon completion, the Xechem Nigeria facility at SHESTCO will be one of the most modern state-of-the-art research, development and pharmaceutical test, analysis and manufacturing facilities in Nigeria. The Xechem Nigeria facility includes research and development chemistry, microbiology, instrumentation process development laboratories and tableting capsuling area. The laboratories are well equipped with the state-of-the-art equipment such as : Two Waters analytical HPLC units with 996 photodiode array detector, 486 UV detector, Waters Alliance 2695 system with latest version of software (Empower-2), Savant rotary evaporator, autoclave, glass washer, dryer, NIKON microscope, lyphilizers, ultraviolet and infra red spectrophotometers, a 300 MHz Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometer. The utilities include hot and cold water, steam, autoclave, clean compressed air and high vacuum lines. Xechem‘s significant and ongoing investment in space and equipment provides it with capabilities exceeding those of many laboratories. -------------------------------------------------- http://www.xechemnigeria.com/scinfo.htm WHAT IS SICKLE CELL DISEASE (SCD)? Sickle cell disease is an inherited disease of red blood cells. It is characterized by pain episodes, anemia (shortage of red blood cells), serious infections and damage to vital organs. The symptoms of sickle cell disease are caused by abnormal hemoglobin. Hemoglobin, the main protein inside red blood cells, carries oxygen from the lungs and takes it to every part of the body. Normally, red blood cells are round and flexible and flow easily through blood vessels. But in sickle cell disease, the abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become stiff and, under the microscope, may look like a C-shaped farm tool called a sickle. These stiffer red blood cells can get stuck in tiny blood vessels, cutting off the blood supply to nearby tissues. This is what causes pain (called a sickle cell pain episode or crisis) and sometimes organ damage in sickle cell disease. Sickle-shaped red blood cells also die and break down more quickly than normal red blood cells, resulting in anemia. WHAT MEDICAL PROBLEMS OCCUR WITH SCD ? The effects of sickle cell disease vary greatly from one person to the next. Some affected children and adults are usually healthy, while others are frequently hospitalized. Some common problems seen in sickle cell disease include the following: i) Infections - Infants and young children with sickle cell disease are especially vulnerable to serious bacterial infections, such as those that cause meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain) and blood infection. ii) Pain Episodes - This is the most common symptom of sickle cell disease. Some affected individuals have one or fewer pain episodes a year, while others may have 15 or more.1,2 Pain episodes usually last a few hours to a few days, but they may sometimes last for weeks. Pain can occur in any organ or joint in the body, wherever sickle-shaped cells pile up and block blood vessels. Mild pain episodes can be treated at home with over-the-counter pain medications (such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen) and heating pads. But some pain episodes may be severe and need to be treated in the hospital with strong pain-killing drugs given intravenously (in a vein). iii) Hand-foot Syndrome - Hands and feet may swell when small blood vessels become blocked. This may be the first symptom of sickle cell disease in babies, who also may develop a fever. It usually is treated with pain medication and fluids. iv) Stroke - If sickle-shaped cells block a blood vessel in the brain, a stroke can result. About 10 percent of children with sickle cell disease have a stroke. This can lead to lasting disabilities, including learning problems. v) Acute Chest Syndrome - This is similar to pneumonia, with symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain and fever. It can be caused by an infection or by blocked blood vessels in the lung. This potentially life-threatening disorder should be treated in the hospital. Treatments may include antibiotics, blood transfusions, pain medications, oxygen and medicines that help open up blood vessels and improve breathing. vi) Vision Problems - When tiny blood vessels in the eye become blocked with sickle-shaped cells, vision problems and even blindness can result. Some children with sickle cell disease may need regular eye exams. When eye problems occur, laser treatment often prevents further vision loss. vii) Slow Growth - Children with anemia tend to grow slower than normal and enter puberty later than other children. They also may be pale, have shortness of breath and tire easily. CAN A PERSON CATCH SCD FROM SOMEONE WHO HAS IT? No. The disease is inherited and is not contagious. To inherit the disease, a child must receive two sickle cell genes, one from each parent. DO WE ALL HAVE THE SAME CHANCE OF INHERITING SCD? No. In the United States, most cases occur among African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans. About one in every 500 African-Americans has sickle cell disease. It also affects people of Arabian, Greek, Maltese, Italian, Sardinian, Turkish and Indian ancestry. IS SICKLE CELL TRAIT THE SAME THING AS SCD? No. A person who inherits the sickle cell gene from one parent and the normal type of that gene from the other parent is said to have sickle cell trait. One in 12 African-Americans in this country has sickle cell trait. Carriers of the sickle cell gene generally are as healthy as noncarriers. Sickle cell trait cannot change to become sickle cell disease. However, when two people with sickle cell trait have a child, their child may inherit two sickle cell genes and have the disorder. WHAT ARE THE CHANCES THAT PARENTS WITH SICKLE CELL TRAIT WILL PASS IT ON TO THEIR CHILDREN? There is a 50 percent chance that a child born to parents who both carry a sickle cell gene will have the trait. There is a 25 percent chance that the child will have sickle cell disease. There also is a 25 percent chance that the child will have neither the trait nor the disease. These chances are the same in each pregnancy. If only one parent has the trait and the other has no abnormal hemoglobin gene, there is no chance that their children will have sickle cell disease. However, there is a 50-50 chance of each child having the trait. CAN A WOMAN WITH SCD HAVE A SAFE PREGNANCY? Yes. However, women with sickle cell disease are at increased risk of complications that can affect their health and that of their babies. During pregnancy, the disease may become more severe and pain episodes may occur more frequently. A pregnant woman with sickle cell disease is at increased risk of preterm labor and of having a low-birthweight baby. However, with early prenatal care and careful monitoring throughout pregnancy, women with sickle cell disease can have a healthy pregnancy. If the baby's father has sickle cell trait, the baby has a 50 percent chance of having the disease. If he does not, the baby will have only the trait. IS THERE A TEST FOR SICKLE CELL DISEASE OR TRAIT? Yes. A person can have a blood test to find out if he has either sickle cell trait or a form of the disease. There also are prenatal tests to find out if the baby will have the disease or carry the trait. If both parents have the sickle cell trait, in three out of four cases, the prenatal test will show that the baby will not have sickle cell disease. WHERE IS SICKLE CELL TESTING AND TREATMENT AVAILABLE? Couples who are planning to have a baby can get carrier testing at medical centers and sickle cell treatment facilities. A genetic counselor can refer a couple for testing and discuss the risks to their offspring. Other sources of testing and treatment include the hospital pediatric or hematology (blood) departments. Couples also can check with their doctor or the Sickle Cell Disease Association of America for resources in their area. IS THERE A CURE FOR SICKLE CELL DISEASE? A small number of children with severe sickle cell disease have been cured through a blood stem cell transplant. The stem cells (immature cells that develop into blood cells) come from bone marrow, or less frequently from umbilical cord blood, usually donated by siblings who are a good genetic match. Most children with sickle cell disease, however, do not have siblings who are good genetic matches. For this reason, researchers have recently begun performing stem cell transplants using umbilical cord blood from unrelated donors with apparent success. Currently, researchers are studying a number of new drug treatments, in addition to hydroxyurea, for reducing complications of the disease. There has already been a great deal of progress in medical care that reduces serious complications and improves survival in individuals with sickle cell disease. These and other new treatments may further improve the quality of life in affected individuals. HOW IS SICKLE CELL DISEASE (SCD) MANAGED? Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) will be determined by your physician based on: * The age, overall health, and medical history * Extent of the disease * Tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies * Expectations for the course of the disease Early diagnosis and prevention of complications is critical in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Management. It may include: * Pain medications (for sickle cell crises) * Drinking plenty of waterdaily (eight to 10 glasses) or receiving fluid intravenously (to prevent and treat pain crises) * Blood Transfusions: For anemia and to prevent stroke, blood transfusions may be used. Transfusions are also used to dilute the HbS with normal hemoglobin to treat chronic pain, acute chest syndrome, Splenic sequestration, and other emergencies. * Penicillin (to prevent infections) * Folic acid (to help prevent severe anemia) * Hydroxyurea: Hydroxyurea is a medication that has recently been developed that may help reduce the frequency of pain crises and acute chest syndrome. It may also help decrease the need for frequent blood transfusions. However, Hydroxyurea have proved to have severe side-effects in some patients. * Bone Marrow Transplant: Bone marrow transplant has been effective in curing some persons with sickle cell disease; the decision to undergo this procedure is based on the severity of the disease and ability to find a suitable bone marrow donor. -------------------------------------------------- About Sickle Cell Disease (older info, still very relevant): Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder caused by an abnormality in the hemoglobin molecule. Patients with the disease often produce stiff, abnormally shaped red blood cells that often do not flow freely through the blood vessels. This can create clogs in the vessels, which in turn cut off the flow of normal hemoglobin and oxygen to parts of the body, and can cause severe painful attacks or "crises", damage to various organs and shortened life spans. People with SCD often suffer unpredictable painful crises several times a year lasting from a few hours to a week or more. In the US, there are approximately 80,000 patients with SCD. In Nigeria, that number is believed to be approximately 4 million, and worldwide at least 12 million individuals are afflicted with SCD. -------------------------------------------------- Sickle Hemoglobin (Hb S ) Allele and Sickle Cell Disease: A HuGE Reviewdd http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/hugenet/file/print/reviews/sickle.pdf -------------------------------------------------- World News Links for XeChem and Other Related Information: http://finance.abc7news.com/abc?Account=kgo&Page=NEWS&Ticker=XKEM http://www.nadcest.gov.ng/anemia.htm http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/65125.html http://www.shestco.org/tech_park.htm http://www.shestco.org/5_tech_park/nicosan.pdf http://www.africafiles.org/...ID=9343&ThisURL=./aids.asp&URLName=AIDS http://www.businessdayonline.com/?c=44&a=4926 http://www.nafdacnigeria.org/ http://www.biospace.com/news_company.aspx?CompanyID=2877 http://www.stockprowler.com/ http://www.alphatrade.com/techSupport/marketMakers.html?page=a (lists of the MM's) -------------------------------------------------- Recent Due Diligence Discoveries and Premium Research Reports: Amalfi Research Report - January 4, 2006 http://www.amalfiresearch.com/report/XKEM.pdf On 26 August 2005, orphan designation (EU/3/05/302) was granted by the European Commission to Xechem UK Ltd., United Kingdom http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/human/comp/opinion/24114105en.pdf Congratulations all NJBIZ Healthcare Heroes Finalists => Nice find Fox http://www.njbiz.com/db/docs/AllWeb.pdf BRIDGING THE GAP IN AFRICA - DR. RAMESH PANDEY'S NIGERIAN SAGA => Thanks MPD68 http://www.kavitachhibber.com/main/main.jsp?id=news-p3 Building the Case for National Systems of Health Innovationsee page 22 for mention of Nicosan =>Provided by: FOX,lsd and Trans http://www.nepadst.org/doclibrary/pdfs/nsi_case_jan2007.pdf Nigerian Appropriation (Budget) for FY 2007 => Provided by: Transam73wi Nicosan appropriation is located on page 340 http://www.nigerianbudget.com/pub/2006budget.pdf Xechem begins mass production of NICOSAN, anti- sickle cell drug => Provided by: Foxwoodsfan & LSD673 http://www.tribune.com.ng/27022007/biznes.html Georgia House of Representatives Resolution 99 commending Xechem International => Provided by: JoChef http://www.legis.state.ga.us/legis/2007_08/pdf/hr99.pdf Africa Trade and Investment Conference 2007, Cape Town, South Africa - February 1, 2007 => Provided by: Foxwoodsfan and Tryz http://www.exim.gov/news/speeches/documents/...eandInvestconf_000.pdf The Economist Feature - February 1st, 2007 => Provided by: Mcdude1012 & JoChef http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8626812 34th Annual SCDAA Conference => Provided by: Transam73wi & Foxwoodsfan http://www.sicklecelldisease.org/docs/...0Convention%20Progam%205.pdf 5-HMF United States Patent Approval, Assignee = XeChem January 9, 2007 - #7,160,910 => Provided by: Transam73wi http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/...Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fne.... -------------------------------------------------- Disclaimer and Terms of Use: Information above is gathered from either the internet or from other sources that could prove to be unreliable. Please do you own Due Diligence as some information may be out of date. IHub and the Moderators of this board (XKEM) will not claim nor hold any responsibility for a person(s) financial decisions. If any in-valid information is located on the XKEM board, please notify one of the moderators immediately so corrections can be made. Through your posts on this board, you are acknowledging awareness and complete understanding of the terms of use. http://www.investorshub.com/boards/complex_terms.asp --------------------------------------------------
Xechem International Announces Conference Call
to Address Information Update
Last update: 4:38 p.m. EDT July 3, 2008
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Date: July 10, 2008+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
To: 9:30 a.m. Central Daylight Time+++++++++++++++
Dial-In: Domestic: 1-866-548-2692++++++++++++++++++++++++
International: 904-596-2360 - Outside the U.S. & Canada+++++++++++
About Xechem: Xechem International is a development stage biopharmaceutical company working on Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Its recent focus and resources have been directed primarily toward the development and launch of NICOSAN(TM). In addition to NICOSAN(TM), Xechem is also working on another sickle cell compound, 5-HMF, which it has licensed from Virginia Commonwealth University.
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